Kapan orang berhenti mengenakan hanfu?

Hanfu, pakaian tradisional Tiongkok, memiliki sejarah yang kaya yang meliputi berabad-abad. Namun, popularitasnya menurun selama dinasti Qing, dan akhirnya tidak lagi umum digunakan. Memahami alasan di balik penurunan ini memerlukan pemeriksaan faktor-faktor sejarah dan pergeseran budaya.

Selama dinasti Qing, penguasa Manchu memaksakan gaya berpakaian mereka kepada populasi Tiongkok Han. Pemerintah Manchu mewajibkan penggunaan "jambang", gaya rambut yang melibatkan mencukur bagian depan kepala dan menganyam sisa rambut menjadi ekor kuda panjang. Gaya rambut ini tidak sesuai dengan Hanfu, yang biasanya terdiri dari tunik longgar dan sabuk lebar.

Selain itu, pemerintah Qing mempromosikan pengadopsian pakaian Manchu, seperti changshan, tunik panjang dengan kerah mandarin. Kebijakan ini bertujuan untuk mengasimilasi orang Tiongkok Han ke dalam budaya Manchu dan mengkonsolidasikan pemerintahan dinasti Qing. Akibatnya, Hanfu secara bertahap kehilangan statusnya sebagai pakaian utama bagi orang Tiongkok Han.

Selain kebijakan pemerintah, pergeseran budaya juga berkontribusi terhadap penurunan Hanfu. Dinasti Qing menyaksikan periode kemakmuran ekonomi dan pertukaran budaya dengan Barat. Hal ini menyebabkan masuknya gagasan dan mode baru yang mempengaruhi masyarakat Tiongkok. Pakaian gaya Barat, seperti jas dan gaun, menjadi populer di kalangan elite dan secara perlahan menyebar ke masyarakat umum.

Hanfu, dengan desain tradisional dan simbolismenya, mulai dianggap ketinggalan zaman dan tidak sesuai dengan masyarakat yang sedang modernisasi. Pakaian ini semakin terkait dengan masa lalu dan gaya hidup yang konservatif. Sebagai hasilnya, orang mulai meninggalkan Hanfu demi pakaian yang lebih modis dan praktis.

Penurunan Hanfu adalah proses yang berangsur-angsur selama berabad-abad. Ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor sejarah, seperti kebijakan pemerintah, dan pergeseran budaya, seperti masuknya gagasan dan mode Barat. Saat ini, Hanfu mengalami kebangkitan sebagai simbol warisan budaya Tiongkok. Namun, penerimaannya yang luas sebagai pakaian sehari-hari tetap menjadi tantangan, karena bersaing dengan pakaian modern dan pengaruh mode Barat.

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